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Research by David Autor from MIT shows that 60% of today’s workers are employed in occupations that didn’t exist in 1940, see chart below.
This is important when discussing what impact AI may have on the labor market.
Source: David Autor, Caroline Chin, Anna Salomons, Bryan Seegmiller, “New Frontiers: The Origins and Content of New Work, 1940–2018.” The Quarterly Journal of Economics, Volume 139, Issue 3, August 2024; Apollo Chief Economist See important disclaimers at the bottom of the page.
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The soft July employment report is inconsistent with the hard data for economic activity, see charts below and our chart book. There are no signs of a slowdown in restaurant bookings, TSA air travel data, tax withholdings, retail sales, hotel demand, bank lending, Broadway show attendance, and weekly box office grosses. Combined with GDP in the second quarter coming in at 2.8%, the bottom line is that the current state of the economy can be described as slowing, but still a soft landing.
Note: Data as of Saturday, August 3, 2024. Source: Apollo Chief Economist See important disclaimers at the bottom of the page.
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Since December 2019, US government debt outstanding has grown by $11.6 trillion, and over the same period, nominal GDP has grown by $6.7 trillion, see chart below.
Source: BEA, US Treasury, Apollo Chief Economist See important disclaimers at the bottom of the page.
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Since the Fed started raising rates, business confidence has diverged for small and large companies, see chart below.
The source of the divergence is likely higher costs of capital for small companies that have higher leverage and lower coverage ratios, and lack access to broadly syndicated loan markets and private credit.
In other words, the transmission mechanism of tighter monetary policy mainly works through smaller companies that are harder hit by Fed hikes and don’t benefit from tighter credit spreads and higher stock prices.
Source: Conference Board, NFIB, Haver Analytics, Apollo Chief Economist See important disclaimers at the bottom of the page.
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China is slowing, Europe is slowing, and the US economy is also in the process of slowing down over the coming quarters.
As a result, commodity prices are falling.
Prices for energy, which make up almost 60% of the S&P GSCI, are declining because of weaker demand from China and more energy supply in the US.
Agriculture prices are falling, in particular soybean, driven lower by weaker global growth. But there are exceptions such as coffee, cocoa, livestock, and orange juice, where low supply is important.
Industrial metals prices are falling because of weaker global growth. For precious metals, gold prices are rising as households in China diversify away from falling Chinese property prices and falling Chinese stock prices. Central banks are also buying gold.
Our latest commodity outlook chart book is available here.
See important disclaimers at the bottom of the page.
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The business cycles in China and India are decoupling after having grown in sync for decades, see chart below.
Source: Bloomberg, Apollo Chief Economist See important disclaimers at the bottom of the page.
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The map below shows the share of primary energy consumption coming from renewable sources across countries, and the bottom line is that there is a significant need for investment in renewable energy around the world.
Source: Energy Institute – Statistical Review of World Energy (2024), OurWorldInData.org/energy, Apollo Chief Economist See important disclaimers at the bottom of the page.
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The number of publicly listed companies has also declined in the UK, see chart below.
Source: World Federation of Exchanges, Haver Analytics, Apollo Chief Economist. Note: The sharp decline in April 2021 was due to Brexit. See important disclaimers at the bottom of the page.
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The daily data for the past week shows that restaurant bookings are still strong, TSA travel data is still strong, and tax withholding data is still strong.
The weekly data shows that jobless claims improved, weekly retail sales data is still strong, weekly hotel demand remains strong, weekly data for bank lending is growing, weekly data for bankruptcy filings is trending lower, weekly data for Broadway show attendance is strong, weekly box office grosses are strong, and weekly S&P 500 forward profit margins are near all-time highs.
There is some mild weakness in the weekly Census business formation statistics and the ASA temp worker staffing index.
Combined with the strong GDP report for the second quarter, the bottom line is that some pockets of weakness are emerging, but the high-frequency indicators show that overall growth remains solid. Consistent with the latest GDP report and the latest monthly report for retail sales.
Bottom line: There is nothing suggesting that the economy is currently in a recession or about to enter a recession.
Our chart book with daily and weekly indicators is available here.
Note: Data as of Saturday, July 27, 2024. Source: Apollo Chief Economist See important disclaimers at the bottom of the page.
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The gap between Fed pricing and long rates continues to widen, suggesting that factors other than Fed expectations, likely including the fiscal outlook, are beginning to play a role for long rates, see chart below. For more discussion, see also here.
Source: Bloomberg, Apollo Chief Economist. Note: The indices used from Bloomberg are MSM1UT Index and GT10 Govt. See important disclaimers at the bottom of the page.
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