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  • SMEs Playing Bigger Role in Europe than in the US

    Torsten Sløk

    Apollo Chief Economist

    The share of total employment in large firms with more than 250 employees is bigger in the US than in Europe, see chart below.

    Source: OECD, Apollo Chief Economist. Note: Data as of 2020 or latest available.

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  • The Fed Is the Reason the Last Mile Is Harder

    Torsten Sløk

    Apollo Chief Economist

    Since the Fed pivot on December 13, consumers have become much more optimistic about the economic outlook, see chart below. Combined with record-high IG issuance, high HY issuance, and more IPO and M&A activity since December, it is not surprising that employment and inflation rebounded in January and jobless claims remain low.

    The last mile is harder not because of some structural feature in the economy, but because of the Fed turning dovish too soon, triggering a reacceleration in growth and inflation. That is why the Fed will keep rates higher for longer than markets expect.

    After the December Fed pivot: Consumers much more optimistic about their financial situation
    Source: FRBNY, Haver Analytics, Apollo Chief Economist

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  • Services as a Share of Consumer Spending

    Torsten Sløk

    Apollo Chief Economist

    The share of private consumption spent on services is still 2 percentage points below its pre-pandemic level, see chart below.

    The implication for markets is that there is still more upside for growth in consumer services, i.e., spending on airlines, hotels, restaurants, concerts, sporting events, etc.

    Services as a share of US consumer spending not back at pre-pandemic levels
    Source: BEA, Haver Analytics, Apollo Chief Economist

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  • US households are less and less mobile, and after the Fed started raising rates, the self-reported probability of moving residence started trending down again, see charts below.

    A less mobile labor force will ultimately have negative consequences for GDP growth because workers with relevant skills do not move to regions with job growth. This is what we see in Europe, where language barriers limit mobility between regions in the euro area.

    Structural decline in the share of the US population moving to a new address
    Source: Census CPS, Apollo Chief Economist
    Self-reported probability of moving residence continues to decline
    Source: FRBNY, Haver Analytics, Apollo Chief Economist. Note: Data is “self-reported” about the expectation from households.

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  • German Apartment Prices Falling

    Torsten Sløk

    Apollo Chief Economist

    While there are many headwinds to the German economy at the moment, such as lower exports to China, energy transition, and geopolitical risks, it looks like the key driver of falling housing prices in Germany is rate hikes by the ECB, see chart below.

    ECB triggered a decline in German housing prices
    Source: Bonn-Cologne Cluster of Excellence ECONtribute, The Kiel Institute for the World Economy, Apollo Chief Economist. Note: The Greix is a real estate price index for Germany based on the sales price collections of the local expert committees, which contain notarized sales prices. It tracks the price development of individual cities and neighborhoods.

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  • Probability of a Fiscal Accident Is Rising

    Torsten Sløk

    Apollo Chief Economist

    Government debt levels continue to increase in all G7 countries except Germany, and your finance textbook will tell you that when the stock of risk-free assets grows, it will attract dollars, euros, and yen from other asset classes, including credit and equities, see chart below.

    The rapid growth in the stock of risk-free assets outstanding has consequences not only for risky assets. The probability is rising of a fiscal accident with significant implications for markets. Such a crisis could start with a sovereign downgrade, a bond auction with weak demand, or a significant increase in the term premium.

    Since 2010 government debt to GDP has increased for all G7 countries except Germany
    Source: IMF, Apollo Chief Economist

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  • Recovery Rates Declining

    Torsten Sløk

    Apollo Chief Economist

    Recovery rates decline when the costs of capital stay higher for longer, see chart below. This dynamic argues for wider credit spreads when rates stay higher for longer.

    The longer the costs of capital stay elevated, the lower the recovery rate will be
    Source: Moody’s Analytics, Apollo Chief Economist

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  • Real Estate Agents Less Busy

    Torsten Sløk

    Apollo Chief Economist

    There are more real estate agents per 1,000 jobs in Florida, Texas, Colorado, and Arizona, see the first chart. With many homeowners locked into sub-4% mortgage rates, existing home sales are at the lowest level since 2010, and the number of home sales per real estate agent is at the lowest level in decades, see the second chart.

    Real estate agents per 1,000 jobs
    Source: BLS, Apollo Chief Economist. Note: Data for May 2022.
    Home sales per real estate agent
    Source: NAR, BLS, Haver Analytics, Apollo Chief Economist

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  • The Rise and Fall of AI

    Torsten Sløk

    Apollo Chief Economist

    The hype around AI is starting to fade, see chart below.

    The rise and fall of AI
    Source: Bloomberg, Apollo Chief Economist

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  • Why Is Demand for IG Credit So Strong?

    Torsten Sløk

    Apollo Chief Economist

    Current drivers of credit demand are retail and pensions seeking higher all-in yields, and annuity sales driven by more baby boomers retiring and by a higher level of interest rates giving policyholders higher monthly payments, see chart below. For more, see also our latest credit market outlook here.

    Annuity sales driven by higher interest rates and more baby boomers retiring
    Source: Bloomberg, Apollo Chief Economist

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