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  • Gold Price Rising

    Torsten Sløk

    Apollo Chief Economist

    The price of gold has been rising in recent months on the back of geopolitical tensions, central banks including China stepping up purchases of gold, and expectations of lower rates triggering a rise in inflation after the December Fed pivot.

    Geopolitical risks, central bank purchases, and Fed pivot pushing gold price higher
    Source: Bloomberg, Apollo Chief Economist

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  • Capital Markets Reopening After the Fed Pivot

    Torsten Sløk

    Apollo Chief Economist

    For two years, the Fed was saying, “Interest rates are going higher.”

    That message resulted in very little activity in capital markets, with low levels of IPO, M&A, sponsor-to-sponsor deals, or sponsor-to-strategic deals.

    This changed at the December 2023 meeting when the Fed said, “Interest rates are now going lower.”

    The impact of this signal change from the FOMC was profound. It triggered a significant rally in the S&P 500 and in IG, HY, and loans. As a result, capital markets reopened and LBO financings have rebounded significantly since December, see chart below.

    With the Fed still saying that the next move in rates is lower, we should expect the rebound to continue.

    LBO financings coming back after the December Fed pivot
    Source: PitchBook LCD, Apollo Chief Economist. Note: Private credit count is based on transactions covered by LCD News.

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  • The US Is the Biggest Oil Producer in the World

    Torsten Sløk

    Apollo Chief Economist

    The US now produces more oil than Saudi Arabia and Russia, see chart below.

    The US produces more oil than Russia and Saudi Arabia
    Source: EIA, International Energy Statistics, Apollo Chief Economist. Note: Rest of the world produces 22.8 million barrels per day.

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  • Ownership of Government Bonds Across Countries

    Torsten Sløk

    Apollo Chief Economist

    The US has a relatively high share of domestic ownership of government bonds relative to European countries, see chart below.

    Switzerland, Japan, Korea, and US have high domestic ownership of government bonds
    Source: IMF, Apollo Chief Economist. Note: Data as of Q2 2023.

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  • More Demand for Travel Driven by Wealth Gains

    Torsten Sløk

    Apollo Chief Economist

    The Conference Board’s consumer confidence survey asks households if they plan to travel to a foreign country, and the chart below shows that a record-high share of US consumers are planning to go on vacation to a foreign country within the next six months.

    Because of the significant rise in the stock market and significant cash flows from fixed income, US households have more money to travel on airplanes, stay at hotels, eat at restaurants, go to sporting events, amusement parks, and concerts, and that is why inflation in the non-housing service sector continues to be so high.

    The continued strong demand for consumer services is the reason why it is difficult for the Fed to get supercore inflation under control. The bottom line is that rates will stay higher for longer as strong gains in employment and wealth continue to provide a tailwind to consumer services.

    A record-high share of the population is planning to go on vacation to a foreign country within the next six months
    Source: The Conference Board, Haver Analytics, Apollo Chief Economist

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  • The Deteriorating US Fiscal Situation

    Torsten Sløk

    Apollo Chief Economist

    Where would the first signs of US fiscal stress appear in markets?

    1) Tailing Treasury auctions, lower bid-to-cover ratios, or softer demand from interest rate-sensitive buyers.

    2) Rating agencies issuing opinions about the deteriorating US fiscal situation.

    3) The term premium trending higher.

    Our latest chart book looking at demand and supply of Treasuries is available here.

    As the Fed was raising rates, US households were big buyers of US Treasuries. But this trend is now reversing
    Source: FFUNDS, Haver, Apollo Chief Economist
    Auction sizes growing in 2024
    Source: Bureau of Public Debt, Haver Analytics, Apollo Chief Economist
    Downside risks to bid-to-cover ratios in 2024
    Source: Bureau of Public Debt, Haver Analytics, Apollo Chief Economist
    T-bill issuance dominates
    Source: SIFMA, Haver Analytics, Apollo Chief Economist
    Under current policies, government debt outstanding will grow from 100% to 200% of GDP
    Source: CBO, Haver Analytics, Apollo Chief Economist
    A record-high $8.9 trillion of government debt will mature over the next year
    Source: Treasury, BEA, Haver Analytics, Apollo Chief Economist
    Who owns the $25 trillion in Treasuries outstanding? Foreigners, mutual funds, and the Fed
    Source: FFUNDS, Haver, Apollo Chief Economist
    Switzerland, Japan, Korea, and US have high domestic ownership of government bonds
    Source: IMF, Apollo Chief Economist. Note: Data as of Q2 2023.
    As the Fed was raising rates, US households were big buyers of US Treasuries. But this trend is now reversing
    Source: FFUNDS, Haver, Apollo Chief Economist
    Foreign purchases of Treasuries come mainly from the private sector
    Source: Treasury, Haver Analytics, Apollo Chief Economist
    The share of T-bills on the Fed balance sheet is much smaller than T-bills as a share of outstanding marketable debt
    Source: Treasury, FRB, Haver Analytics, Apollo Chief Economist
    Government debt servicing costs currently make up 12% of government spending
    Source: Treasury, OMB, Haver Analytics, Apollo Chief Economist. Note: OMB estimates 10-year yield at around 3.5% in the next 10 years.
    Interest rates will remain permanently higher
    Source: Bloomberg, Apollo Chief Economist
    Source: Apollo Chief Economist

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  • M&A Activity Picking Up

    Torsten Sløk

    Apollo Chief Economist

    Capital market activity has increased significantly since the Fed meeting in December, with more issuance in IG and HY in January, February, and March, see charts below.

    More M&A activity, more IPO activity, tighter credit spreads, and higher stock prices all contribute to stronger GDP growth and higher inflation over the coming quarters.

    IG issuance rising after the Fed pivot in December
    Source: Pitchbook LCD, Apollo Chief Economist. Note: GCP means general corporate purpose, which means making or financing any payment for working capital, capital expenditures, or any other general corporate purpose.
    High yield issuance rising after the Fed pivot in December
    Source: Pitchbook LCD, Apollo Chief Economist

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  • US Recession Probability Declining

    Torsten Sløk

    Apollo Chief Economist

    The consensus has been lowering the likelihood of a US recession over the next 12 months, see chart below.

    US recession probability falling
    Source: Bloomberg, Apollo Chief Economist

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  • Continued Strength in Consumer Spending

    Torsten Sløk

    Apollo Chief Economist

    The number of people going to Broadway shows has been rising faster than normal in recent weeks, likely driven by the strong labor market and strong household gains in financial wealth and housing wealth.

    Broadway show attendance has been accelerating in recent weeks
    Source: Internet Broadway Database, Apollo Chief Economist

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  • Significant Infrastructure Spending Needed

    Torsten Sløk

    Apollo Chief Economist

    Looking at the average age of highways, streets, and power facilities, US infrastructure has never been in worse shape than it is at the moment, see chart below.

    Significant need for new infrastructure in the US
    Source: BEA, Apollo Chief Economist

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