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In recent months, we have seen a significant increase in the number of men age 55 to 64 joining the workforce, see chart below.
Source: BLS, Haver Analytics, Apollo Chief Economist See important disclaimers at the bottom of the page.
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There are more Chapter 11 bankruptcy filings in Texas, New Jersey, Delaware, and New York than in other states, see map below.
Source: Epiq bankruptcy, Apollo Chief Economist. Data from January 1, 2023 to December 8, 2023. See important disclaimers at the bottom of the page.
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Data for November shows that Chapter 11 bankruptcy filings are trending higher, and Fed hikes continue to bite harder and harder on highly leveraged firms with little or no cash flows in tech, growth, and venture capital, see chart below.
Source: Epiq bankruptcy, Apollo Chief Economist See important disclaimers at the bottom of the page.
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This chart book looks at recent developments in private equity, PE deal activity, private credit, real assets, secondaries, middle markets, and venture capital.
See important disclaimers at the bottom of the page.
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The concentration in the S&P500 continues to increase, and the ten largest stocks now make up 35% of the index, the highest level since the last tech bubble in 2000, see chart below.
Source: Bloomberg, Apollo Chief Economist See important disclaimers at the bottom of the page.
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With long rates falling in recent weeks, Treasury supply has seemingly become less important as a driver of long rates.
But the fiscal challenges have not disappeared.
Next week, we have a 10-year auction on Monday and a 30-year auction on Tuesday. And looking into 2024, Treasury auction sizes will be, on average, 23% higher than in 2023.
Because of the constant rise in government debt levels, investors need to monitor not only Treasury auctions but also rating agencies and the term premium.
In this short presentation is a collection of relevant data for thinking about the US fiscal situation and the likely transmission channels to financial markets.
Source: OMB, Haver Analytics, Apollo Chief Economist 
Source: CBO, Haver Analytics, Apollo Chief Economist 
Source: The IMF, Apollo Chief Economist. Note: Data as of year-end 2022. See important disclaimers at the bottom of the page.
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Measures of underlying inflation have started to reaccelerate in recent months, and this is a problem for the Fed, see chart below.
The Fed cannot and will not turn dovish as long as inflation remains significantly above the FOMC’s 2% inflation target, particularly when underlying inflation is trending higher.
The consequences are that delinquency rates on credit cards and auto loans will continue to increase, corporate default rates will continue to move higher, and bank lending will continue to trend lower.
In other words, we are entering a period with weaker economic data where the Fed will stay on hold.
Source: FRB of Atlanta, FRB of Cleveland, Haver Analytics, Apollo Chief Economist See important disclaimers at the bottom of the page.
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Since the Fed started raising rates, the biggest foreign buyer of US Treasury bonds has been the yield-sensitive private sector, see the first chart below.
But with rates peaking, the foreign private sector has been slowing purchases, see chart below.
The foreign official sector has been a net seller during this rate cycle. This is also the case for China, where holdings of US Treasuries have declined by $300 billion since 2021, see the second chart below.
With growth slowing in China due to demographic headwinds, slowing exports, and a deflating housing market, demand for US Treasuries from the foreign official sector will likely remain weak.
Our 2024 outlook for China is available here.
Source: Treasury, Haver Analytics, Apollo Chief Economist 
Source: Bloomberg, Apollo Chief Economist 
See important disclaimers at the bottom of the page.
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Looking across the wage distribution shows that wage inflation remains sticky between 4% and 5%, see chart below.
The FOMC would likely look at this chart and conclude that a higher unemployment rate is needed to get wage inflation down to levels consistent with the Fed’s 2% inflation target.
Source: BLS, Apollo Chief Economist. Note: Low-wage workers are defined as the bottom third percentile in the wage distribution, mid-wage workers as the mid third percentile, and high-wage workers as top third percentile. See important disclaimers at the bottom of the page.
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The consensus expects nonfarm payrolls on Friday to come in at 180,000 jobs added in November. This bullish consensus estimate is likely based on one single indicator, namely jobless claims.
But other indicators are showing ongoing signs of weakness in labor demand, which would point to a weaker employment report for November:
1) The quits rate, i.e., the share of workers voluntarily quitting their jobs every month, continues to trend lower, see the first chart below.
2) More consumers are starting to say that it is harder to find a job, see the second chart below.
3) The work week for private sector workers has been declining, suggesting labor demand is weaker, see the third chart.
4) There is now very little difference between wage growth of job switchers and job stayers, suggesting that job switchers are no longer able to get big pay increases, see the fourth chart.
5) The number of job openings has decreased since the Fed started raising interest rates, see the fifth chart.
6) The pace of job growth has declined as the Fed has raised interest rates, and with the Fed on hold well into 2024, this trend will likely continue, see the sixth chart.
Source: BLS, Haver, Apollo Chief Economist 
Source: The Conference Board, BLS, Haver, Apollo Chief Economist 
Source: BLS, Haver, Apollo Chief Economist 
Source: FRB of Atlanta, Haver, Apollo Chief Economist 
Source: BLS, Haver, Apollo Chief Economist 
Source: BLS, Haver Analytics, Apollo Chief Economist See important disclaimers at the bottom of the page.
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